LukisanVincent Van Gogh, Starry Night Over The Rhone, 1888. Prinsip causalitas tidak serta merta diterima bahkan mendapat kritik yang tajam dari para filsuf yang menolaknya. Walaupun demikian, kritik tersebut tidak menggoyahkan prinsip metafisika yang dirumuskan sebagai berikut: apa yang menjadi pasti memiliki causa dan causa pertama dari hal yang
Photo Kelly Richman-Abdou / My Modern Met During his short career, Post-Impressionist pioneer Vincent van Gogh painted an eclectic array of subject matter. As evident in his prolific body of work, he often reworked and revisited several different themes, including still-life depictions of flowers, revealing self-portraits, and gleaming nocturnes, including Starry Night Over the RhĂ´ne, a lustrous landscape painting completed in 1888. Like many of his most celebrated paintings, Starry Night Over the Rhone was inspired by Van Gogh's time spent in the South of France. Though this piece is not as well-known as the swirling Starry Night he would later complete, it remains an important part of his portfolio; in addition to illustrating his distinctive approach to painting ânight effects,â Starry Night Over the RhĂ´ne captures a rare moment of calm in the chaotic final years of his life. Van Gogh's Time in Arles In 1853, Van Gogh was born in the Netherlands. Though he expressed an interest in art as a child, he pursued several different careers before seriously considering painting full-time at the age of 27. After seeing no artistic success in the Netherlands, he decided to join his art dealer brother Theo in Paris in 1886. Unfortunately, Van Gogh's time in the French capital was equally futile. âIt seems to me almost impossible to be able to work in Paris, unless you have a refuge in which to recover and regain your peace of mind and self-composure,â he wrote in a letter to Theo in 1888. âWithout that, youâd be bound to get utterly numbed.â In pursuit of this âpeace of mind,â Van Gogh headed south, landing in the idyllic commune of Arles. Vincent van Gogh, âCafĂŠ Terrace at Night,â 1888 Photo Wikimedia Commons Public Domain While in Arles, Van Gogh developed his signature style, characterized by a vivid color palette and expressive brushwork. This approach is increasingly evident in all of his work completed in 1888, including his Bedroom at Arles series, CafĂŠ Terrace at Night, and Starry Night Over the RhĂ´ne. Starry Night Over the Rhone Vincent van Gogh âStarry Night Over the Rhone,â 1888Photo Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Van Gogh painted Starry Night Over the RhĂ´ne from the bank of the RhĂ´ne, a major river that runs through Europe. This spot proved ideal for Van Gogh, as he had grown increasingly interested in the effects of lightâparticularly, the artificial illumination of gas lampsâat night. To evoke the movement of the stars' energetic twinkling and glimmering reflections, he employed his characteristically energetic brushstrokes. When painting Starry Night Over the RhĂ´ne, however, it was not brushwork that preoccupied the artist; it was color. Van Gogh explains the extent of his tonal attention in a letter to Theo. âThe sky is aquamarine, the water is royal blue, the ground is mauve.â He continues, âThe town is blue and purple. The gas is yellow and the reflections are russet gold descending down to green-bronze.â Though full of vibrant energy, the scene is calm; the only people present in the composition are âtwo colorful figurines of lovers in the foreground,â and, despite its sparkling stars, the sky elicits a sense of tranquility. Ultimately, this atmosphere is what sets Starry Night Over the RhĂ´ne apart from its more famous counterpart The Starry Night. The Other Starry Night Van Gogh painted Starry Night Over the RhĂ´ne while living in Arles. During this period, he was becoming increasingly mentally ill. His canvases, however, did not yet reveal his inner turmoil, as evident in the serene scene explored in Starry Night Over the RhĂ´ne. Toward the end of his stay in Arles, however, Van Gogh reached a tragic turning point. Following an emotionally-charged confrontation with fellow artist Paul Gauguin, Van Gogh cut off part of his own ear. The next morning, he was admitted to a hospital in Arles, only to be discharged a few days later. Realizing the severity of his mental health issues, he opted to leave Arles and check himself into a mental health facility in the nearby Saint-RĂŠmy-de-Provence. During his stay at the asylum, Van Gogh adopted an extra room as an artistâs studio and completed 150 paintings, including The Starry Night, a piece poignantly painted through his room's âiron-barred window.â Painted just a few months apart, The Starry Night and Starry Night Over the RhĂ´ne are strikingly similar in both style and subject matter. However, there is a drastic divergence in their undertones, as, in the later painting, âthe violence of his troubled psyche is fully expressed.â Left Detail of âStarry Night Over the Rhone,â Right Detail of âThe Starry Nightâ On July 27, 1890, just over a year after he completed The Starry Night, Van Gogh shot himself in a wheat field. Two days later, he succumbed to his injuries. The Legacy of Starry Night Over the RhĂ´ne Though less famous than the later rendition, Starry Night Over the RhĂ´ne is still considered one of Van Gogh's major masterpieces. A gem of the MusĂŠe d'Orsays permanent collection, the painting continues to captivate viewers with its mesmerizing brushwork, radiant color palette, and serene subject matter. What makes this work even more special is the significance it held to Van Gogh. Noting that the nights in Arles were âeven more richly colored than day,â he became obsessed with the idea of replicating the South of France's starry sky. Finally, with Starry Night Over the RhĂ´ne, the artist was able to achieve this dream with flying colors. Related Articles Handmade Candles Capture the Enchanting Glow of Van Goghâs Famous Paintings This Exhibit Gives Visitors the Experience of Stepping Inside Van Goghâs Paintings Van Gogh Museum Puts Nearly 1,000 Paintings and Drawings Online
TheCard Players (1892-6) (Barnes Foundation, PA) By Cezanne. The Card Players (1892-6) (Metropolitan Museum, NY) By Cezanne. Background. The Card Players is a series of Impressionist paintings by the French modernist Paul Cezanne. One of his most ambitious projects, now seen as an important contribution to modern art, it occupied him for several years.
I am evaluating a famous piece by Vincent van Gogh titled, The Starry Night. In this piece, I see the wind in the air, I see the stars in the sky as well as, the light that expels off of them. I see the beautiful little village below all the wonder in the sky that God created. The village is painted using dark colors but I find comfort in the light coming from the windows. Colors used to paint the village are brown, grey and blue. Each building in the small village is clearly outlined in black but my eyes are directed towards the stars and the moon in the sky. The air and sky have patterns that kind of flow like a spiral or whirlwind and the hills and the sky seem to blend together. It looks as if it might be cold or windy outside. There is a presence in the sky that goes beyond the elements and far beyond what you can see. The village seems to be quiet and still while the sky and the things above seem to have their own agenda. It looks like the painting was done in the early hours of the morning. The painting is calm yet exciting. The sky in this oil painting looks like it reaches into the heavens. The Starry Night is an oil painting created on a canvas. The original artwork was 29 x 36 Âźâ. The colors in The Starry Night are largely different shades of blue as well as, yellow, white, black, green and brown. The oil painting seems to have its own unique flow and rhythm. It seems, as though, the air, hills and trees have a life of their own. The painting has lines and patterns made up of dots that give this oil painting uniqueness. Analysis The elements of design used in The Starry Night are composition, color, tone and brushstroke. The Starry Night is made of whirling clouds, shinning stars and an even brighter moon. These aspects gave this paining fluidity smooth elegance or grace. The use of white and yellow in this art piece direct attention towards the sky and bring the piece together in unity by the dominant color blue. The cypress tree and church tower are made up of vertical lines that break up the composition without taking away from the beautiful night sky. Value plays a key role in the color scheme as well because there are multiple shades of blue in this oil piece. The brushstrokes are thick, visible and not smeared together. This makes the lines in this piece distinct. Texture in The Starry Night is most certainly present. You can feel the art without necessarily touching the art. The primary shape used in The Starry Night are circles. Attention is drawn to the sky which have many circles that seem to be in motion. The principles of design used in the Starry Night are balance, proximity, repetition and contrast. The Starry Night is asymmetrical meaning the left and the right side are not identical to one another. Balance is achieved in this piece by contrast. Proximity is used in this piece by the spirals in the night sky surrounding the stars, moon and clouds. Repetition is used with the circular spiral shapes repeated in the night sky. I notice that shape, repetition and proximity are emphasized in this particular piece with the circles and spirals. Interpretation This morning when I woke up I didnât particularly want to be alive. I wanted to choose a piece of artwork that was kind of dark in a comparable way to how I feel. I already feel like I am going through a dark season in my own life. Initially looking at this piece it felt dark to me. The dark mystical bush at the top of the hill gives me a sense of danger and makes me feel insecure. Somehow this piece and this art evaluation has lifted my spirits. The wind, stars and the moon seem to have Godâs presence in the mist. The night sky which could have been even darker are quite bright for the night sky. This piece makes me feel secure with assurance that it might be nighttime but even during the night God is still there for me. I know during this time in Vincent van Goghâs life he was said to have found religion. He was in an asylum, hallucinating and having mental problems in his own life. In a storm in his own life he created this masterpiece and it is very cool how it could speak to me during the storm I am going through right now in my own life. The Starry Night is said to be the view seen from Vincent van Gogh room in the asylum. Looking at this piece gives me a sense that more is going on then what I can see with my eyes. The moon and the stars are very big and although it is nighttime it is very bright. At first glance, the painting is kind of dreary or gloomy but once you look again the sky looks like its dancing and seems more hopeful. There is a feeling of something bigger and greater than the small village in this painting. I sense Godâs presence in this painting; like I can have an overwhelming sense of security knowing that God is above protecting all that is underneath. Judgment I cannot imagine what life might have been like for Vincent van Gogh in this season of his life. The hallucinations and mental instability was not something happened but definitely not by choice. I feel like I can understand what the artist was trying to communicate. I feel like he found stability in the Lord during some frightening times of instability. I believe the message van Gogh might have been trying to send is important. I cannot trust myself and the choices I make at times but knowing God is in control is a relief.
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Vincent van Gogh adalah seniman besar asal Belanda yang terkenal karena melukis diluar konteks fisik dan emosional melalui marka kuasnya yang meliuk-liuk. Ia juga dikenal akan kisah tragisnya yang tidak mendapatkan apresiasi yang sebagaimana mestinya hingga ia meninggal dunia. Belum lagi, kematiannya yang banyak menyimpan misteri juga semakin menambah kisah sendunya. Seperti belum cukup tragis, Van Gogh juga jatuh miskin karena tidak berhasil menjual karyanya dan menderita gangguan jiwa sepanjang karir melukisnya. Namun semua itu tidak menghalanginya untuk terus menelurkan mahakarya. Ia tidak berhenti melukis dan terus produktif selama 10 tahun hingga akhir hayatnya. Oleh karena itu, rasanya amat disayangkan apabila kita tidak menelusuri kisahnya. Bukan hanya dari sensasionalismenya kisahnya saja, namun kita juga dapat memetik banyak pelajaran berharga, baik dari sisi artistik, maupun dari kehidupannya secara umum sebagai seniman. Berikut adalah biografi yang dilengkapi juga oleh beberapa contoh karya & analisisnya dari maestro dunia, Vincent Van Gogh. Vincent Van Gogh lahir di Belanda pada 30 Maret 1853 dan merupakan anak kedua dari enam bersaudara dari keluarga yang relijius di Belanda Selatan. Ayahnya, Theodorus Van Gogh, adalah seorang pendeta dan ibunya, Anna Cornelia Carbentus, adalah putri dari seorang penjual buku. Dari sejak kecil Van Gogh memiliki mood atau suasana hati yang tidak stabil. Dia tidak menunjukkan bakat seni-nya selama masa kanak-kanak, ia juga tidak begitu berhasil di sekolah. Pada 1868, ia meninggalkan sekolah dan tidak pernah kembali untuk mendapatkan pendidikan formal. Awal Karir Pada tahun 1869, Vincent Van Gogh magang di dealer seni internasional Goupil & Cie Paris dan akhirnya diterima bekerja untuk ditempatkan di kantor cabang Den Haag. Disana Vincent cukup sukses dalam karirnya sebagai art dealer dan bekerja di perusahaan tersebut selama hampir satu dekade. Pada tahun 1872, Van Gogh mulai berkirim surat dengan adiknya Theo Van Gogh. Surat-menyurat dengan adiknya itu kemudian berlanjut hingga akhir hayat Vincent. Theo sendiri akhirnya mengikuti jejak kakaknya sebagai penjual barang-barang seni. Sementara itu Vincent dipindahkan ke kantor Goupil & Cie cabang London. Disaat itu pula, Vincent mengalami depresi dan menjadi pribadi yang relijius. Van Gogh kemudian meninggalkan pekerjaannya di Goupilâs dan memutuskan untuk tinggal dan bekerja di Gereja. Meskipun Van Gogh mengalami kesulitan finansial Ia malah menyerahkan harta miliknya kepada para penambang batu bara setempat. Sayangnya kehidupannya sebagai seorang pastur tidak bertahan lama. Gereja memecatnya karena Vincent dianggap terlalu obsesif terhadap imannya. Pada tahun 1880, Vincent Van Gogh memutuskan untuk mencoba menjadi seorang seniman dan berharap masih dapat menjadi pelayan Tuhan lewat profesi itu. Kesulitan ekonomi Van Gogh makin memburuk, namun Theo selalu membantunya dengan mengiriminya sejumlah uang untuk bertahan hidup. Theo kemudian secara finansial terus mendukung Vincent disepanjang kariernya, karena ia tidak berhasil menghasilkan uang dari lukisannya. Karena kemiskinannya yang semakin tidak tertolong, pada tahun 1881 Vincent Van Gogh memutuskan untuk pulang ke rumah bersama orang tuanya. Disana ia terus mengasah kemampuan melukisnya secara otodidak. Dengan dukungan finansial Theo, Van Gogh menyewa sebuah studio di Den Haag dan belajar di bawah arahan Anton Mauve, seorang seniman terkemuka dari Aliran seni Den Haag. Mauve memperkenalkan Van Gogh pada karya-karya pelukis Prancis Jean-François Millet, yang dikenal karena aliran realismenya yang mengambil subjek kehidupan para kaum buruh dan petani. Kemudian gaya Millet juga mempengaruhi karya Van Gogh di masa ini. Kematangan Artistik Pada tahun 1884, setelah pindah ke Nuenen, Belanda, Van Gogh tak pernah berhenti berkarya dan terus bertekad untuk menjadi pelukis realisme seperti Millet. Meskipun keahliannya sebagai pelukis makin terasah, kehidupan ekonominya masih saja belum mebaik. Autumn Landscape with Four Trees, oleh Vincent van GoghVan Gogh sempat menuduh Theo tidak berusaha cukup keras untuk menjual lukisan-lukisannya. Theo sendiri menjawabnya dengan alasan aliran lukis Vincent sudah kurang diminati, karena pada saat itu aliran Impresionis-lah yang sedang naik daun. Kehidupannya yang masih tak kunjung membaik itu diperburuk dengan meninggalnya Ayah Van Gogh karena stroke. Van Gogh meninggalkan Belanda untuk terakhir kalinya pada tahun 1885 dan sempat mendaftarkan diri ke Akademi Seni Murni Antwerpen di Belgia. Disana ia bertemu dengan seniman yang ikut memberi pengaruh pada karyanya Peter Paul Ruben. Namun lagi-lagi ia tidak begitu tertarik dengan kehidupan akademik dan memutuskan untuk pergi ke Paris. Vincent Van Gogh tinggal bersama Theo di Montmartre, distrik seniman di Paris utara dan belajar dibawah tuntunan Fernand Cormon, yang memperkenalkan Vincent ke para Seniman Impresionis. Pengaruh seniman seperti Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Edgar Degas, dan Georges Seurat kemudian melekat pada karya Vincent Van Gogh. Tekanan dari Theo untuk menjual lukisannya juga ikut memotivasi Van Gogh dalam mengadopsi palet impressionist yang lebih terang dan berwarna. Pada saat itu juga Van Gogh mulai terobsesi dengan gaya grafis cetak Jepang. Ia mengoleksi bahkan mengkurasi pamerannya di Paris. Pada akhir 1887, Van Gogh menyelenggarakan pameran yang memuat karyanya sendiri dan rekan-rekannya Emile Bernard, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Pada awal 1888, karyanya mulai menarik perhatian dan berhasil dipamerkan bersama dengan para tokoh Neo Impresionis Georges Seurat dan Paul Signac di Salle de Repetition of Teater Libre dâAntoine. Masa Puncak Artistik Karya-karya Van Gogh yang paling terkenal diciptakan selama dua tahun terakhir dalam hidupnya. Selama musim gugur dan musim dingin tahun 1888, Vincent Van Gogh dan Paul Gauguin tinggal dan bekerja bersama di Arles Perancis. Van Gogh menyewa empat kamar sekaligus di 2 Place Lamartine, yang dijuluki âThe Yellow Houseâ untuk studionya. Langkahnya tersebut dimulai sebagai rencana untuk membuat komunitas seniman baru di Arles sebagai alternatif Paris. Gauguin dan Van Gogh mengembangkan konsep warna simbolis sebagai ekspresi emosi dan batin agar tidak terus bergantung ke alam seperti aliran-aliran seni sebelumnya. Meskipun produktivitasnya luar biasa, Van Gogh menderita ketidakstabilan mental, termasuk epilepsi, delusi, dan gangguan bipolar. Gauguin pindah ke Tahiti untuk menghindari perilaku Van Gogh yang semakin tidak menentu. Ia pergi diam-diam setelah perkelahian sengit dengan Van Gogh yang mengancamnya menggunakan pisau cukur. Pisau itu kemudian justru digunakan untuk memotong telinga kanannya sendiri. Pada tanggal 8 Mei 1889, setelah merasa kondisi mentalnya kian memburuk, Van Gogh dengan sukarela menyerahkan dirinya ke sebuah institusi psikiatri di Saint-Remy, dekat Arles. Minggu-minggu berlalu dan kesehatan mentalnya lebih stabil hingga Vincent Van Gogh diizinkan untuk melanjutkan melukis. Periode ini menjadi salah satu masa yang paling produktif. Van Gogh menciptakan lebih dari 100 karya di Saint-Remy, termasuk karyanya yang paling terkenal Starry Night 1889. Klinik dan taman disekitarnya menjadi subjek lukis utamanya. Sapuan kuas yang dinamis dan berputar-putar serta palet kaya warna yang menjadi ciri khasnya semakin berkembang disini. Semasa perawatan di klinik, Van Gogh membenamkan dirinya dalam pengalaman lingkungan sekitar. Kemudian menciptakan kembali berbagai dari ingatan pepohonan dan flora lain yang mengisi taman klinik. Kondisi mentalnya pun semakin membaik hingga akhirnya dia diperbolehkan pulang. Kematian Tak lama setelah meninggalkan klinik, Van Gogh pindah ke utara Auvers-sur-Oise di luar Paris dibawah perawatan seorang dokter yang merangkap sebagai seniman amatir, Dr. Gachet. Gachet memotivasi Van Gogh untuk terus melukis sebagai bagian dari terapi lanjutan untuk kesembuhan mentalnya. Vincent Van Gogh tentunya dengan senang hati menjalankannya. Ia dengan penuh semangat melukis berbagai lingkungan dan pemandangan di Auvers. Vincent menyelesaikan sekitar satu lukisan dalam sehari selama bulan-bulan terakhir hidupnya. Namun, setelah Theo mengungkapkan rencananya untuk membangun bisnis sendiri dan menjelaskan bahwa bantuan finansialnya akan menipis untuk sementara waktu, depresi Van Gogh kambuh lagi. Pada tanggal 27 Juli 1890, dia berjalan ke ladang gandum di sekitar Auvers dan menembak dirinya sendiri di dada dengan pistol. Meskipun Van Gogh belum mati dan berhasil berjuang kembali ke kamarnya, luka-lukanya tidak dirawat dengan benar dan dia meninggal dua hari kemudian. Theo bergegas untuk berada di sisi saudara laki-lakinya selama jam terakhirnya dan berkata bahwa kata-kata terakhir Vincent Van Gogh adalah âKesedihan ini akan bertahan selamanya.â Kesedihan itu diperdalam dengan kematian Theo yang menyusulnya tidak lama setelah kematian Vincent. Theo didiagnosis menderita kelumpuhan progresif yang dini. Pada tanggal 1 Desember catatan medisnya menegaskan bahwa ia menunjukkan gejala dementia paralytica, penyakit otak. Penyebabnya disebutkan oleh âfaktor keturunan, penyakit kronis, terlalu banyak bekerja, atau kesedihan mendalam dan depresiâ. Dia meninggal pada 25 Januari 1891. Kemudian surat-menyurat antara Vincent Van Gogh dan Theo menjadi salah satu dokumentasi terpenting bagi kisah mereka berdua. Selama masa hidupnya Van Gogh tidak mendapatkan apresiasi yang semestinya, hanya satu lukisan yang berhasil terjual selama hidupnya. Baru setelah ia meninggal dunia karya-karyanya mulai bergema. Bahkan hingga masa kini sempat berkali-kali menjadi salah satu karya seni termahal di dunia. Karya seni Vincent Van Gogh Vincent Van Gogh adalah seniman yang sangat produktif dan menghasilkan 900 lukisan selama masa hidupnya. Lukisannya sendiri terdiri dari dua aliran utama dan banyak seri. Seri-seri lukisan Vincent Van Gogh mencakup potret, potret diri, ladang gandum, bunga, pepohonan, pemandangan dan sebagainya. Aliran Seni Lukis Vincent Van Gogh Aliran seni lukis Vincent Van Gogh yang paling dikenal adalah post-impressionism/paska impresionisme atau Neo Impresionism tepatnya. Ia adalah salah satu pionir yang memberikan pengaruh pada banyak aliran lain yang menyusul neo Impresionisme, fauvism, dll. Meskipun awal karirnya dimulai dengan mengusung aliran realisme. Van Gogh juga dapat dikatakan mengusung aliran Ekspresionisme, salah satu aliran yang dipayungi oleh Paska Impresionisme dan bersifat menonjolkan ungkapan dari dalam jiwa, bukan sekedar gambar representatif alam. Aliran Seni Post-Impresionism / Paska Impresionisme Aliran Post-Impressionism mencakup berbagai gaya artistik yang berbeda yang masih memiliki motivasi umum untuk merespon gerakan Impresionisme. Variasi ini berkisar dari Neo-Impresionisme yang berorientasi pada kajian ilmiah dari Georges Seurat sampai Simbolisme Paul Gauguin, namun semuanya masih terkonsentrasi pada visi subjektif senimannya sendiri. Gerakan ini mengantarkan pada era di mana lukisan melampaui peran tradisionalnya sebagai jendela dokumentasi dunia. Sebaliknya aliran Post-Impresionism menjadi jendela ke dalam pikiran dan jiwa seniman. Dampak estetika yang luas dari kaum Post-Impresionis mempengaruhi kelompok-kelompok yang muncul selama pergantian abad ke-20, seperti para Ekspresionis, serta aliran-aliran lain yang lebih kontemporer, seperti Seni Feminis yang masih mencakup perwujudan identitas. Ciri dan Gagasan Aliran Post Impressionism Makna simbolis dan ekspresi pribadi sangat penting bagi Post-Impressionists seperti Paul Gauguin dan Vincent van Gogh. Mereka menolak menggambarkan dunia berdasarkan pengamatan yang hanya kasat mata saja. Mereka lebih melihat ke ingatan, dan ekspresi emosi mereka sendiri untuk terhubung dengan pemirsa pada tingkat yang lebih dalam. Struktur, ketertiban, dan efek optis dari warna yang saling berderetan mendominasi visi estetika Post-Impresionis seperti Paul CĂŠzanne, Georges Seurat, dan Paul Signac. Mereka mengandalkan keterkaitan warna dan bentuk untuk menggambarkan dunia di sekitar mereka. Meskipun diselimuti oleh berbagai gaya individual yang berbeda, sebagian besar Post-Impresionis berfokus pada bentuk dan pola marka kuas abstrak dalam aplikasi cat ke permukaan kanvas. Kecenderungan awal mereka menuju abstraksi membuka jalan bagi eksplorasi abstrak modern yang terjadi pada awal abad ke-20. Lukisan Van Gogh dan Analisisnya The Potato Eaters 1885 Analisis, Deskripsi & Penafsiran The Potato Eaters Pemakan Kentang oleh Vincent Van Gogh, kentang The Potato Eaters sering dianggap sebagai mahakarya pertama Van Gogh. Dilukis saat tinggal di antara para petani dan buruh di Nuenen di Belanda, Van Gogh berusaha untuk menggambarkan orang-orang dan kehidupan mereka dengan jujur. Vincent Van Gogh memperlihatkan kondisi hidup para petani yang kurang sejahtera dengan warna yang gelap. Dia menampilkan adegan itu dalam palet yang hampir monokrom, pucat dan kurang menggugah mata. Layaknya kehidupan petani yang hanya mampu untuk menyantap kentang saja untuk bertahan hidup dan menjalani kehidupannya. Potret mereka tampak sudah tua dan lemah lalu dibandingkan dengan hanya satu orang yang masih muda itupun wajahnya tidak tampak. Penggambaran tersebut di dramatisir lagi oleh penggambaran keluarga petani yang berkumpul di di meja makan dan satu sumber cahaya dari lentera kecil yang memberi penerangan minim. Kentang yang tersediapun terhitung sedikit untuk jumlah keluarga mereka. Meskipun lukisan ini adalah salah satu penciptaan terbaiknya, karya ini tidak dianggap berhasil atau diapresiasi sebagai mana mestinya hingga kematian Van Gogh. Pada saat karya ini dilukis, Impresionis telah mendominasi pasar seni dunia. Tidak mengherankan bahwa Theo, merasa tidak akan mampu untuk menjual lukisan ini pada periode penciptaannya. Namun, karya ini tidak hanya menunjukkan kehebatan Van Gogh membuat adegan yang emosional, tetapi juga mulai membangun gagasan yang akan Van Gogh gunakan sepanjang karirnya. CafĂŠ Terrace At Night 1888 Analisis, Deskripsi & Penafsiran CafĂŠ Terrace at Night, oleh Vincent van Gogh, ini merupakan salah satu pemandangan pertama yang dilukis oleh Vincent Van Gogh selama berada di Arles. Nightscene pemandangan berlatar malam hari ini menggunakan warna dan nada/tone yang kontras. Cahaya yang dilukiskan pada dinding kafe benar-benar kontras dengan latarnya. Komposisinya secara keseluruhan menunjuk pada satu point interest yang tidak hanya berada pada satu objek, melainkan sepanjang kafe dan trotoar jalan. Meskipun perspektif yang disusun tampak naif, Van Gogh membuat eye leading yang memberikan efek yang lebih dramatis dibandingkan dengan perspektif yang akurat. Pemerhati seakan diajak untuk berjalan-jalan sepanjang trotoar yang tampak mengagumkan di malam hari itu. Kafe tersebut masih ada hingga saat ini dan merupakan tujuan utama bagi penggemar van Gogh yang mengunjungi Prancis. Ia pernah menulis surat mengenai lukisan ini pada saudara perempuannya. Vincent menulis, âAku melukis lukisan malam tanpa warna hitam yang digantikan oleh warna biru dan ungu yang indah. Warna hijau disekitarnya diterangi oleh sedikit warna kuning belerang dan hijau lemon. Sangat menyenangkan sekali untuk melukis malam hari di tempatâŚâ Selain terpengaruh oleh palet impresionis ia juga dengan sengaja untuk melukis pemandangan malam tersebut tanpa cat hitam. Ia ingin menunjukan betapa indahnya tempat itu meskipun disaat malam yang gelap. Keramaian penduduk sekitar yang masih ramai meskipun di malam hari juga menjadi sorotan utama Van Gogh pada lukisan ini. Dilukis langsung di jalanan pada malam hari, Van Gogh menciptakan kembali gambar berdasarkan dari pengamatannya, praktik yang diwarisi dari para Impresionis. Namun, tidak seperti Impresionis, ia tidak merekam adegan hanya karena matanya mengamati, tetapi mengilhami gambar dengan nada spiritual dan psikologis yang menggemakan reaksi pribadinya. Sapuan kuasnya menunjukan kegembiraan dan kesenangan yang dialami Van Gogh saat melukis karya ini. Starry Night 1889 Analisis, Deskripsi & Penafsiran Lukisan Starry Night sering dianggap sebagai pencapaian puncak dari Van Gogh. Tidak seperti kebanyakan karyanya, Starry Night dilukis dari ingatan dan tidak berdasarkan referensi alam. Penekanan pada kehidupannya yang emosional sangat jelas dalam penggambaran langitnya yang bergolak dan liar. Meskipun begitu di karya ini, Van Gogh mengikuti prinsip seni dan komposisi yang sangat rapi. Berbagai bentuk dan marka kuas didistribusikan di seluruh permukaan kanvas dalam urutan yang tepat untuk menciptakan asas keseimbangan dan menghasilkan ketegangan dari kontras yang terjadi. Ia seakan menggabungkan praktis seniman yang berpendidikan formal namun mengemasnya dalam gaya yang naif. Di lukisan ini juga tampak jelas bahwa dia melukis menggunakan marka kuasnya, bukan menggunakan kuas untuk meniru-nirukan alam. Di bagian tengah lukisan, langit seakan meliuk-liuk mengikuti alunan kurva yang dinamis diterangi oleh bintang-bintang yang berpijar. Hasilnya adalah pemandangan malam yang sangat spiritual dan penuh dengan ekspresi emosi batin. Namun kekacauan yang tampak lagi-lagi dapat ditumbangkan oleh pengaturan formal yang apik dan rapi. Starry Night terkenal karena dianggap melampaui praktik melukis terhadap representasi dunia fisik. Referensi The Life of Vincent Van Gogh org. Vincent Van Gogh, Important Artworks of Vincent Van Gogh
bagianpertama mendeskripisikan karya tersebut, deskripsi adalah tahapan dalam kritik untuk menemukan,mencatat dan mendeskripsikan segala sesuatu yang dilihat apa adanya, dalam lukisan yang berjudul âstarry nightâ atau dalam bahasa indonesia âmalam berbintangâ ini terlihat ada dua warna primer yang mencolok yaitu biru dan kuning, ada
Vincent van Gogh Emotion, Vision, and A Singular Style Mention Vincent van Gogh Dutch, 1853â1890 and one of the first things likely to come to many peopleâs minds is the fact that he cut off his own ear. This stark act, committed in 1888, marked the beginning of the depression that would plague him until the end of his life. But to know van Gogh is to get past the caricature of the tortured, misunderstood artist and to become acquainted instead with the hardworking, deeply religious, and difficult man. Van Gogh found his place in art and produced emotional, visually arresting paintings over the course of a career that lasted only a decade. Largely self-taught, van Gogh produced more than 2,000 oil paintings, watercolors, drawings, and sketches, which became in demand only after his death. He also wrote scores of letters, especially to his brother Theo, in which he worked out his thoughts about art. âAlways continue walking a lot and loving nature, for thatâs the real way to learn to understand art better and better,â he wrote in 1874. âPainters understand nature and love it, and teach us to see.â1 It was nature, and the people living closely to it, that first stirred van Goghâs artistic inclinations. In this he was not alone. Landscapes remained a popular subject in late-nineteenth-century art. Driven in part by their dissatisfaction with the modern city, many artists sought out places resembling earthly paradises, where they could observe nature firsthand, feeding its psychological and spiritual resonances into their work. Van Gogh was particularly taken with the peasants he saw working the countryside; his early compositions featured portraits of Dutch peasants and rural landscapes, rendered in dark, moody tones. In 1886, van Gogh moved to Paris, where he encountered the works of the Impressionists and Neo-Impressionists, and the Pointillist compositions of Georges Seurat. Inspired by these artistsâ harmonious matching of colors, shorter brushstrokes, and liberal use of paint, he brightened his own palette and loosened his brushwork, emphasizing the physical application of paint on the canvas. The style he developed in Paris and carried through to the end of his life became known as Post-Impressionism, a term encompassing works made by artists unified by their interest in expressing their emotional and psychological responses to the world through bold colors and expressive, often symbolic images. In a letter to his sister Willemien, touching upon the mind and temperament of artists, van Gogh once wrote that he was âvery sensitive to color and its particular language, its effects of complementaries, contrasts, harmony.â2 By 1888, van Gogh had returned to the French countryside, where he would remain until his death. There, close once again to the peasants who had inspired him early on, he concentrated on painting landscapes, portraits of himself and others, domestic interiors, and still lifes full of personal symbolism. Observation and Imagination in The Starry Night 1889 âThis morning I saw the countryside from my window a long time before sunrise, with nothing but the morning star, which looked very big,â wrote van Gogh to his brother Theo, describing his inspiration for one of his best-known paintings, The Starry Night 1889.3 The window to which he refers was in the Saint-Paul asylum in Saint-RĂŠmy, in southern France, where he sought respite from his emotional suffering while continuing to make art. This mid-scale, oil-on-canvas painting is dominated by a moon- and star-filled night sky. It takes up three-quarters of the picture plane and appears turbulent, even agitated, with intensely swirling patterns that seem to roll across its surface like waves. It is pocked with bright orbsâincluding the crescent moon to the far right, and Venus, the morning star, to the left of centerâsurrounded by concentric circles of radiant white and yellow light. Beneath this expressive sky sits a hushed village of humble houses surrounding a church, whose steeple rises sharply above the undulating blue-black mountains in the background. A cypress tree sits at the foreground of this night scene. Flame-like, it reaches almost to the top edge of the canvas, serving as a visual link between land and sky. Considered symbolically, the cypress could be seen as a bridge between life, as represented by the earth, and death, as represented by the sky, commonly associated with heaven. Cypresses were also regarded as trees of the graveyard and mourning. âBut the sight of the stars always makes me dream,â van Gogh once wrote. âWhy, I say to myself, should the spots of light in the firmament be less accessible to us than the black spots on the map of France? Just as we take the train to go to Tarascon or Rouen, we take death to go to a star.â4 The Starry Night is based on van Goghâs direct observations as well as his imagination, memories, and emotions. The steeple of the church, for example, resembles those common in his native Holland, not in France. The whirling forms in the sky, on the other hand, match published astronomical observations of clouds of dust and gas known as nebulae. At once balanced and expressive, the composition is structured by his ordered placement of the cypress, steeple, and central nebulae, while his countless short brushstrokes and thickly applied paint set its surface in roiling motion. Such a combination of visual contrasts was generated by an artist who found beauty and interest in the night, which, for him, was âmuch more alive and richly colored than the day.â5 Vincent van Gogh, Letter to Theo van Gogh, London, beginning of January 1874, Vincent van Gogh, Letter to Willemien van Gogh, Saint-RĂŠmy-de-Provence, Wednesday, 19 February 1890, Vincent van Gogh, Letter to Theo van Gogh, Saint-RĂŠmy-de-Provence, between about Friday, 31 May and about Thursday, 6 June 1889, Vincent van Gogh, Letter to Theo van Gogh, Arles, Monday, 9 or Tuesday, 10 July 1888, Vincent van Gogh, Letter to Theo van Gogh, Arles, Saturday, 8 September 1888, Vincent van Gogh, Letter to Theo van Gogh, Saint-RĂŠmy-de-Provence, on or about Friday, 20 September 1889, The virtual, illusionary plane created by the artist, parallel to the physical surface of a two-dimensional work of art; the physical surface of a two-dimensional work of art, a painting, drawing, or print. One who applies paint to canvas, wood, paper, or another support to produce a picture. Paints composed of pigments ground to an extremely fine texture in an aqueous solution of gum Arabic or gum tragacanth. The absence of white fillers, such as those in gouache, creates a medium with luminous transparency. A term coined in 1910 by the English art critic and painter Roger Fry and applied to the reaction against the naturalistic depiction of light and color in Impressionism, led by Paul CĂŠzanne, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, and Georges Seurat. Though each of these artists developed his own, distinctive style, they were unified by their interest in expressing their emotional and psychological responses to the world through bold colors and expressive, often symbolic images. Post-Impressionism can be roughly dated from 1886 to 1905. A paint in which pigment is suspended in oil, which dries on exposure to air. A term coined by French art critic FĂŠnĂŠon in 1886, applied to an avant-garde art movement that flourished principally in France from 1886 to 1906. Led by the example of Georges Seurat, the Neo-Impressionists renounced the spontaneity of Impressionism in favor of a measured painting technique grounded in science and the study of optics. Neo-Impressionists came to believe that separate touches of pigment result in a greater vibrancy of color than is achieved by the conventional mixing of pigments on the palette. Two or more things having a common center. A rendering of the basic elements of a composition, often made in a loosely detailed or quick manner. Sketches can be both finished works of art or studies for another composition. 1. The range of colors used by an artist in making a work of art; 2. A thin wooden or plastic board on which an artist holds and mixes paint. A representation of a person or thing in a work of art. A setting for or a part of a story or narrative. A work of art made from paint applied to canvas, wood, paper, or another support noun. A work of art made with a pencil, pen, crayon, charcoal, or other implements, often consisting of lines and marks noun; the act of producing a picture with pencil, pen, crayon, charcoal, or other implements verb, gerund. The manner in which a painter applies paint with a brush. A closely woven, sturdy cloth of hemp, cotton, linen, or a similar fiber, frequently stretched over a frame and used as a surface for painting. A painting technique developed by French artists Georges-Pierre Seurat and Paul Signac in which small, distinct points of unmixed color are applied in patterns to form an image. The lightness or darkness of a color. In painting, a color plus gray. A form, sign, or emblem that represents something else, often something immaterial, such as an idea or emotion. The visual or narrative focus of a work of art. A combination of pigment, binder, and solvent noun; the act of producing a picture using paint verb, gerund. A distinctive or characteristic manner of expression. A representation of inanimate objects, as a painting of a bowl of fruit. A representation of a particular individual, usually intended to capture their likeness or personality. A series of events, objects, or compositional elements that repeat in a predictable manner. The natural landforms of a region; also, an image that has natural scenery as its primary focus. A label applied to a loose group of mostly French artists who positioned themselves outside of the official Salon exhibitions organized by the AcadĂŠmie des Beaux-Arts. Rejecting established styles, the Impressionists began experimenting in the early 1860s with a brighter palette of pure unblended colors, synthetic paints, sketchy brushwork, and subject matter drawn from their direct observations of nature and of everyday life in and around Paris. They worked out of doors, the better to capture the transient effects of sunlight on the scenes before them. With their increased attention to the shifting patterns of light and color, their brushwork became rapid, broken into separate dabs that better conveyed the fleeting quality of light. In 1874, they held their first group exhibition in Paris. Most critics derided their work, especially Claude Monetâs Impression, Sunrise 1872, which was called a sketch or impression, rather than a finished painting. From this criticism, they were mockingly labeled Impressionists. They continued exhibiting together until 1886, at which point many of the core artists were taking their work in new directions. The shape or structure of an object. The area of an imageâusually a photograph, drawing, or paintingâthat appears closest to the viewer. A facial aspect indicating an emotion; also, the means by which an artist communicates ideas and emotions. The arrangement of the individual elements within a work of art so as to form a unified whole; also used to refer to a work of art, music, or literature, or its structure or organization. Colors located opposite one another on the color wheel. When mixed together, complementary colors produce a shade of gray or brown. When one stares at a color for a sustained period of time then looks at a white surface, an afterimage of the complementary color will appear. The perceived hue of an object, produced by the manner in which it reflects or emits light into the eye. Also, a substance, such as a dye, pigment, or paint, that imparts a hue. A rendering, usually a drawing, of a person or thing with exaggerated or distorted features, meant to satirize the subject. The area of an artwork that appears farthest away from the viewer; also, the area against which a figure or scene is placed.
ProvenanceWith his brother Theo van Gogh, Paris, after mid-July 1890; after his death on 25 January 1891, inherited by his widow, Jo van Gogh-Bonger, and their son, Vincent Willem van Gogh, Paris; administered until her death on 2 September 1925 by Jo van Gogh-Bonger, Bussum/Amsterdam/Laren; given on loan by Vincent Willem van Gogh, Laren to the Stedelijk VanGogh melukis Starry Night berada di Suaka di Saint-Remy pada tahun 1889. Selama tahun-tahun Van Gogh muda (1876-1880) ia ingin mendedikasikan hidupnya untuk penginjilan mereka dalam kemiskinan. Banyak yang percaya bahwa usaha agama ini dapat tercermin dalam sebelas bintang lukisan.Insome ways, Starry Night Over the Rhone works as a representational painting of the Rhone River in Arles, France as it looked in 1888. Art history scholars have identified the view seen in the painting as being only a 2-minute walk away from The Yellow House. Van Gogh might have taken in this very view on a daily basis.vvQpXCP.
